Panoramas can make for fun and interesting options for capturing photos. Whether you’re shooting for a specific aspect ratio output such as wall display installation or website header, looking to incorporate a lot of visual data in the image, or just aiming for a different view, panoramas can be a creative approach.
Personally, I’m a fan, and I’ve been shooting them for many years. Even back when shooting film (scanning and stitching digitally).
By capturing a very wide—or, for that matter, tall—field of view, they can be dramatic. And they can be revealing, by adding room for a lot of visual context and detail.
Stitched panorama taken with a Nikon Zf. This was shot hand-held and stitched in PTGui. Photo by David Coleman / Have Camera Will Travel
Panoramas also bring with them some challenges. Among those is how you take multiple images and stitch them together into a single panoramic image.
Somewhat surprisingly, the state of panorama stitching software seems to have been stuck in the past for a while. There are some good and powerful apps, but they feel like they were originally created 15-20 years ago (probably because they were!). And some of the biggest and best dedicated panorama stitching apps have dropped by the wayside. At the same time, image processing apps like Lightroom Classic and Capture One have added panorama stitching directly into their apps for convenient use and respectable results.
That said, there are still some good options, which I’ve picked out below.
In This Post
Some newer cameras and smartphones have an automatic panorama setting built in. They let you sweep the camera around the view, and it’ll all be stitched together in the camera. But as convenient as that is, you often don’t get much control over the finished product, and the resolution is often much lower than you might expect from the camera’s usual capabilities.
You can often get much better results, and infinitely more flexibility, by taking a series of individual, full-resolution, overlapping images that you then later stitch together using software.
There are quite a few different software options that can stitch panoramic images. They range from full-featured dedicated apps that give you an enormous amount of control and that produce very professional results, to lightweight free apps that can get the basic job done but don’t give you much control. And some of the most popular image editing apps have panoramic stitching capabilities built-in, even if it’s not always obvious they’re there.
So here’s a rundown of some of the better options for panorama stitching apps, ranging from simple, free apps, to much more powerful, paid ones.
The ones I’m focusing on here are still-image, flat panoramas. There’s quite a lot of overlap in software and technique between flat panoramas and 360° virtual tours or VR, but there are some specific requirements when shooting and displaying the latter.
Regular flat panoramas—still images that have a very wide or tall aspect ratio—are what I’m focusing on here.
The best panorama apps tend to be paid ones, and they’re not inexpensive. However, there are also some free options available.
Overall, the features of the free panorama stitching apps tend to be pretty limited, and their user interfaces are not particularly polished. But if you’re dabbling, just have a one-off need, or just aren’t in the market for another paid app, they’re a useful place to start.
Hugin Panorama Software
If you’re after something straightforward to use, free, and cross-platform, take a look at Hugin.
It’s built on a set of underlying software code called Panorama Tools, a suite of tools that some of the other apps here are also built on. There has been steady development that has been building the app out to a stable release. Early versions were quite basic, but the developers have since added more sophisticated capabilities such as being able to tweak control points and projection manually.
Hugin’s interface isn’t pretty or slick or even especially refined, but it is functional and does what it needs to do.
AutoStitch is focused mostly on the underlying algorithm that is then licensed to other software manufacturers to use in their apps. But they have also put together a rudimentary front end for it. It’s very basic, and you don’t get any control over things like editing control points or choosing the projection, but it’s simple to use, and it’s free. There are versions for Windows and Mac.
GigaPan Stitch
If you’re shooting with a GigaPan panoramic robot, there’s a dedicated Gigapan panorama stitcher available called, oddly enough, GigaPan Stitch.
Overall, it’s fairly basic and quite outdated now, but one thing it does especially well is multi-row (or multi-column) panoramas, which is a bread-and-butter feature of the GigaPan robots.
But if you’re not shooting with a GigaPan or uploading the stitched images to the GigaPan site, there’s not much reason to use their GigaPan Stitch–there are much better options available. And even if you are shooting with a GigaPan (in which case you’ve already made a significant investment in panorama shooting), don’t feel as though you have to use their software–other options like Hugin and PTGUI Pro work even better and give you more flexibility. I have a GigaPan myself, but I’ve found that GigaPan stitch is more limited than I’d like most of the time. Nevertheless, it is free.
You can download GigaPan Stitch here. There are versions for Mac and Windows.
Paid Panorama Stitching Software – Dedicated Apps
PTGui
PTGui is my go-to panorama stitcher, and it’s one I’ve been using for over a decade. Its my favorite app here, but I also hesitate to recommend it for everyone for two reasons: it’s quite expensive, and it’s probably overkill if you’re only stitching panoramas from time to time. But if you’re a power user and want the best, try it out.
It started as a graphical user interface for some underlying command-line tools known as PT Tools—hence the name PTGui.
But over the years, it has grown enormously and offers a wealth of powerful options in everything from masking out unwanted elements, manually editing control points, straightening horizons, and working with very large and multi-row panoramas.
It can also work with HDR panoramas, if you’ve shot multiple-exposure versions of the images.
And while it’s not my focus here, PTGui also works great for spherical panoramas—it’s what I use for all my 360° panos. And it has a very useful batch processing module, which I use regularly.
PTGui’s user interface is another that falls into the functional but not pretty category, and there is a bit of a learning curve to get the best results out of it. But if you want maximum control over your panoramas or are shooting them professionally, it’s hard to beat.
There are versions for Windows and Mac (and now also Linux). Paid license, with a free trial version.
PhotoStitcher
This dedicated panorama stitching software is a newer alternative.
PhotoStitcher is simpler and more intuitive to use than something like PTGUI Pro, and while it also lacks some of the advanced functionality of PTGUI Pro, it is nevertheless very capable and I’ve gotten quite good results from even just the automatic mode. The auto-fill (or “Auto Complete,” in this case) works well, it can handle multi-row panoramas, and gives you the option of selecting the projection.
There are versions for Mac and Windows. There’s also a free trial version, although, annoyingly, you can’t save the stitched result with the trial version. But priced at $19.99, it’s among the most affordable options.
Panorama Stitcher Mini
Available from the Mac App Store. There’s a free version that’s limited to 5 images; if you want to stitch together more images than that, you’ll need to upgrade to the Pro version.
Overall, it’ not in the same league as PTGUI Pro, but it is also a lot cheaper. Mac only.
Free Image Editing Software that Includes Panorama Stitching
These apps don’t have panorama stitching as a primary objective, but they either have the capabilities already built-in or can be extended with plugins to add them.
GIMP. GIMP is an open-source and free image editing app. It’s surprisingly powerful and is backed by a dedicated and committed development community. It’s often seen as a good free alternative to Photoshop.
GIMP doesn’t natively support panorama stitching, but you can get plugins that add the functionality, like Pandora and Stitch Panorama.
Paid Software that Includes Panorama Stitching
Again, these apps don’t have panorama stitching as a primary objective, but they either have the capabilities already built-in or can be extended with plugins to add them.
Lightroom Classic
If you’re already using Lightroom Classic, you already have a very effective panorama stitcher baked in. You don’t get as much control over the process as you do with some of the dedicated apps, but in many cases, the stitching engine works very effectively with excellent results. And the developers have been adding features to the panorama stitching feature in recent years to flesh it out more. It can work directly with RAW files without converting them to JPG or TIFF, it can use content aware fill to flesh out rough edges, and can process HDR panoramas. And there’s a lot of value in the convenience of having it directly accessible in the place where you’re managing and editing your images.
Lightroom Classic is a paid app for Windows and Mac and has a trial version available.
Adobe Photoshop
Adobe Photoshop is the gold standard of image editing apps, and one of its numerous features is that it can stitch panoramas. It doesn’t make much sense to buy Photoshop just for the panorama stitching option (called Photo Merge), but many of us already have it installed. And it’s quite a powerful and effective option for this task.
Photoshop’s panorama stitcher works very similarly to the one in Lightroom Classic–they share underlying engines and algorithms. If you’re already using Lightroom, it can be more convenient to use the one there. If you’re not using Lightroom, Photoshop’s version will give very similar results, although it does give you more options. One I particularly like is the option to use the Content Aware Fill feature as part of the photo merge process to fill in transparent areas–it can work really well in some situations.
Photoshop is available for Windows and Mac and is a paid app with a free trial.
Affinity Photo
Affinity Photo arrived on the scene with quite a splash. It’s a slick, well-thought-out, and powerful image editing app that is priced much more affordably than Photoshop. It also has a Stitch Panorama feature built-in.
There are versions for Mac and Windows; both have a free trial.
Capture One
Panorama stitching was added in the recently released version 22.
Misc Notes
Some of these apps support RAW files, but many don’t. If you want to work directly with RAW files–and there are some advantages to doing so–you’ll need to make sure the app supports the format. Lightroom Classic is an example of one that supports working with RAW files directly, and it even outputs the stitched panorama as a RAW file (DNG format).
Other Panorama Stitching Apps
Not Recommended
Panorama – Perspective Image Stitcher. This Mac app looks on the surface to be good, but once I started using it, I realized that it doesn’t work well for stitching more than three images at once. If you want to do a panorama with more tiles than that, you can technically stitch them in small batches and then stitch the resulting mini-panos, but that’s a really poor way to do it. Users have also reported that its merging algorithm also leads to substandard results.
Canon PhotoStitch. While it’s put out in support of Canon cameras, it’s not limited only to working with images shot with a Canon. But there’s not a lot else going for it when there are much better options available. Windows only.
No Longer Available
Some panoramic stitching apps have come and gone over the years. I’m listing some of them here for the sake of completeness and to provide updated information on their fates.
Microsoft ICE, which stands for Image Composite Editor, was a product of one of Microsoft imaging research labs and was a good complement to the PhotoSynth technology. It had some unusual and really interesting features, like being able to create a still image panorama from a video pan and compositing images in ways that most stitching apps can’t. But it lacked some of the end-user refinement of some of the other apps here–it basically feels a bit experimental, which is precisely what it is, of course. Microsoft appears to have abandoned the publicly-available version of ICE.
Kolor / Autopano Pro, AutoPano Giga. For a long time, the various Autopano products put out by Kolor were among the best in the business, with powerful stitching apps that gave a lot of control over the whole process. But Kolor closed down in 2018, and their Autopano products are no longer available.
iFoto Stitcher. It was pretty basic, but had two notable aspects: it made it very easy to work with multi-row stitching, and it had good built-in tools for sharing panoramas on social media. It’s no longer available at the Mac App store.
General Recommendations for Panorama Stitching Software
If you’re after the best free panoramic stitching software, start with Hugin.
If you’re after the most powerful panorama stitcher, take a look at PTGUI Pro.
If you’re already using Lightroom Classic, the built-in Photo Merge function has gotten very good. Ditto for Capture One (panorama stitching was added with version 22).
And Affinity Photo makes for an interesting compromise of affordability and flexibility, as part of a powerful suite of photo editing tools.
Things Worth Knowing
And, as always with any of these, the results you get out are directly related to what you feed in. Carefully captured images with a reasonable amount of overlap and minimal perspective shift are much more likely to yield good results than rough shots where the camera moves.
If you’re finding that the automatic alignment of one of the basic apps isn’t working, it’s worth trying something more powerful such as Hugin or PTGUI because they have tools that let you manually tweak alignment points and even mask out parts of an image where things have moved, such as people in a crowd.
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I'm a professional photographer based in Washington, DC. Seven continents, up mountains, underwater, and many places in between. I've been shooting for 30+ years, and my photos and time-lapse videos have appeared in a bunch of different publications, from major newspapers to magazines and books, billboards, TV shows, professional sports stadiums, museums, and even massive architectural scrims covering world-famous buildings while they're being renovated. You can see some of my travel photography here and here.
