Photo by David Coleman
Latest updates
Yashica Camera Battery Compatibility Charts
Picked up an old Yashica camera and want to get it working? Here are charts for Yashica SLRs, the Electro 35 family, the T-series compacts and the Yashica-Mat TLRs, plus what to do about the Electro 35’s discontinued mercury cell.
Nikon Z50 II Grid Lines Won’t Show? It Takes Two Settings
Adding grid lines to your viewfinder or back screen can be an extremely useful tool for composing your shots, helping with keeping lines level and key elements balanced in the frame. Here’s how to enable them in the Nikon Z50 II and the options that are available.
How to format an SD card in the Nikon Z50 II
I explain why further down this page, but it’s always best practice to format the memory card in the camera that you’re using it in. It’s quick and easy; here’s how to do it on the Z50 II.
Mercury Batteries Are Gone: Four Ways to Keep an Old Meter Working
Mercury button cells like the PX625 haven’t been sold for 30 years, so old film camera meters need a workaround. Here are four replacement options, from cheap silver-oxide spacers to full meter recalibration, plus how to tell which one your camera actually needs.
Leica Camera Battery Compatibility Charts
Which battery does your Leica take? Charts for digital and film Leicas, from the M, SL, Q and S lines to the compacts, Leicaflex and R-series SLRs, all taken from Leica’s own manuals and data sheets. Plus which bodies can share spares, and the few rows that rest on weaker sources.
Which Battery Does Your Minolta Camera Take?
From mercury-cell SRTs to the AAA-powered Maxxum 7000, Minolta cameras take a surprising range of batteries. These charts, pulled from each model’s own manual, sort out exactly which one fits yours.
Which Battery Does Your Mamiya Camera Take?
Not all Mamiya medium-format and TLR cameras need batteries at all to shoot. Several models are mechanical-only, designed to be used with external light meters. Others require a battery for the built-in light meter. And in one case, the shutter won’t fire without a battery.
Sigma Camera Battery Compatibility Charts
Sigma’s camera lineup is small enough that one battery, the BP-51, covers most recent models — the fp, fp L, and all four dp Quattro compacts. This chart lays out exactly which pack each Sigma body takes, plus which models can charge over USB.
The Nikon Zf Battery and Charging, Explained
The Nikon Zf ships without a charger, and it charges the EN-EL15c battery in the body over USB-C instead. Here’s exactly what cable and power source that needs, plus the optional chargers and spare-battery options worth knowing about.
Ricoh Camera Battery Compatibility Charts
Not sure which battery your Ricoh camera actually takes? These charts match battery models to camera bodies, with notes on charger quirks and third-party alternatives worth knowing about before you buy.
How I Used an AI Assistant Instead of Recovery Software to Recover Deleted Photos from a Memory Card
Instead of reaching for recovery software, I asked an AI coding assistant to recover a camera-formatted SD card — and it got back 52 of 53 photos, verified byte-for-byte and automatically renamed into dated folders. Here’s exactly how it worked, and when you’d still want the packaged tools instead.
Squeezing More Image Quality Out of the Nikon D3500’s RAW Files – Test Results
Running old Nikon D3500 RAW files through DxO PureRAW turns out to be one of the cheapest ways to close the image-quality gap to a newer camera. Here are before/after sliders and 100% crops from ISO 100 to 25600, with the exact settings and RAW files to try yourself.
Can’t Justify (or Find) a X100VI? Here’s a Way to Make Your Fujifilm X100V Images Look Better
Bothered by noise from your Fujifilm X100V? Before you buy a newer body, see what AI-based RAW processing does to the RAW files. Before/after sliders and 100% crops from my own Fujifilm X100V photos show how much of a difference it makes.
This Software Can Make Your Old Sony a6000 Photos Look Better Than They Ever Did
The Sony a6000 is 12 years old and its high-ISO files show it. But AI-based RAW processing pulls cleaner, sharper images out of old RAW files than the camera ever could. Before/after sliders and 100% crops from my own Sony a6000 photos show how much of a difference it makes.
Here’s a Great Way to Get Cleaner Photos From Your Sony RX100 VII
The Sony RX100 VII’s small sensor gets noisy fast once the ISO climbs. That’s exactly what AI-based RAW processing fixes best. Before/after sliders and 100% crops from my own Sony RX100 VII photos show how much of a difference it makes.
Can’t Justify the GR III? Here’s a Way to Make Your Ricoh GR II Images Look Better
Bothered by noise from your Ricoh GR II? Before you buy a newer body, see what AI-based RAW processing does to the RAW files. Before/after sliders and 100% crops from my own Ricoh GR II photos show how much of a difference it makes.
Memory cards
Fujifilm X-S10 Memory Card Recommendations
It’s not easy to know which is the right type of SD card for your camera. There are a lot of confusing codes and marketing hype to cut through. So here are my practical recommendations on good choices for the Fujifilm X-S10.
Nikon Z50 II Memory Card Guide: Why You Need UHS-II
The Z50 II is a video powerhouse, but its high-bitrate 4K modes will choke standard SD cards. Nikon’s manual is confusing, recommending “Speed Class 3” while actually requiring much faster speeds for top performance. This guide cuts through the jargon to tell you exactly which cards work.
Nikon Z50 SD Card Recommendations, Sizes, and Specs Explained
Not sure which SD card the Nikon Z50 needs? Here are practical, tested recommendations covering compatibility, speed class, and card sizes so you can stop researching specs and start shooting.
Fastest SD Cards 2026: Real-World Speed Tests & Rankings
After independent speed tests of the top V90 UHS-II cards, a new leader has emerged. The updated SanDisk Extreme Pro (SDSDXDM) is the first card I’ve tested to genuinely hit the 300 MB/s write speed limit, setting a new benchmark for 2026.”
Choosing an SD Card for the OM-1 and OM-1 Mark II
Faster isn’t always better: the OM-1 and OM-1 Mark II don’t need the priciest V90 cards to hit full burst performance. Here’s the UHS speed class, capacity, and card picks that actually match what these cameras demand.
Formatting an SD Card in the Nikon D3500: Step by Step
Formatting your SD card in the Nikon D3500 wipes it clean and sets up the filesystem the camera needs. It also reduces the risk of corrupted photos and videos. Here’s how to do it.
PGYTech Createmate Review: The Ultimate Travel SD Card Reader & Case
Most memory card readers are boring, utilitarian tools. But the PGYTech Createmate adds a clever twist by combining a high-speed UHS-II reader with a rugged, weather-resistant storage case for your SD and microSD cards. Here is my hands-on review of this clever travel essential.
Ricoh GR IV Memory Card Guide: microSD & Internal Storage
The Ricoh GR IV ditches standard SD cards for the smaller microSD format and adds 53GB of internal storage. Here are my practical recommendations on which memory cards to get for it.
Nikon Z7 III Memory Card Forecast: Getting Ahead of 8K RAW
The Nikon Z7 III hasn’t launched yet, but its expected 8K RAW N-RAW output already tells us what memory cards will be needed to avoid buffer bottlenecks. Here’s a pre-release forecast of CFexpress and SDXC cards to budget for, plus how to dodge the dual-slot backup trap.
How to Choose the Right SD Card for the Sony a6400
Sony’s manual is vague about which SD card the a6400 actually needs. Here’s what the UHS-I, U3 and card-size ratings really mean, plus practical picks that work.
Best SD Cards for the Panasonic Lumix DMC-TS30
The Panasonic Lumix DMC-TS30 doesn’t need a fancy or expensive SD card — here’s exactly what size and speed class actually works, based on Panasonic’s own specs and hands-on testing with the camera.
Sony a1 Memory Card Guide: Dual Slots, CFexpress A & 8K Specs
The Sony a1’s two identical slots each accept CFexpress Type A or SDXC — but mixing formats carelessly can bottleneck your buffer mid-burst. Here’s how the slots actually work and which cards avoid the trap.
Basics.Photography
What Is a Prime Lens? Prime vs Zoom, and When a Prime Is Worth It
A prime lens has no zoom, just a fixed focal length like 50mm or 85mm. That simplicity often means faster apertures and sharper images, here’s why that matters and which prime lenses are worth trying.
What is the Sunny 16 Rule?
If you’ve ever seen mention of the Sunny 16 Rule and wondered what it means, here’s an explanation.
The Tiny Φ Symbol on Your Camera, Explained
That odd little circle-and-line symbol stamped on the top of many cameras isn’t decoration, it marks the exact location of the sensor or film plane inside, and it can matter more than you’d think for macro work and panoramas.
Best Online Photography Classes & Courses
Whether you’re looking to brush up, dive deeper, or learn a new photographic skill, here’s a roundup of some of the best online classes and courses for photographers.
Decoding Nikon Lens Codes: A Guide to F-Mount & Z-Mount Abbreviations
VR? ED? S-Line? Plena? Nikon lens names are a alphabet soup of confusing abbreviations. This guide decodes them all — from the latest Z-mount tech to vintage manual focus terms — so you know exactly what you’re buying.
Tokina Camera Lens Codes Guide
Tokina lenses are legendary for their “built-like-a-tank” construction, but their naming system has undergone a massive overhaul recently. If you’re confused by the jump from “AT-X” to “atx-i” or “opera,” you aren’t alone. Here is the definitive guide to every code Tokina uses, including their unique Focus Clutch mechanism and their 2026 mirrorless lineup.
At War with the Dust Bunnies: Tips for Changing Lenses on the Go
Dust bunnies, which leave ugly dark spots and marks on your images, are one of the annoyances of digital photography. If you’re changing lenses on the go there are some tricks to minimize them.
Identifying Kodak 35mm & 120/220 Film Stock from Edgeprint Codes
Scanning decades of old negatives often means staring at cryptic numbers like “5053” or “GA” on the film strip. I compiled this reference guide to help you (and me!) cross-reference those edge codes with the actual film types to make your archiving and editing easier.
Workflow
How to Remove Unwanted Adobe Creative Cloud Apps
If you’ve got current and older versions of your Adobe Creative Cloud apps installed, here’s how to remove the unwanted versions.
Lightroom Classic’s Panorama Stitcher
Lightroom Classic’s built-in Panorama Stitcher makes for a very quick and convenient way to stitch panoramas without ever leaving Lightroom. And it works remarkably well!
How to Turn Off the Nik Collection Palette from Automatically Displaying Every Time You Open Photoshop
I finally got around to preventing the Nik Collection palette from automatically showing up whenever I opened Photoshop. It’s a quick fix.
How to Deal with Lens Vignetting When Stitching Panoramas
The dark bands you sometimes see across a stitched panorama are usually lens vignetting — the slight edge darkening that most lenses produce, especially wide open. Here’s what actually helps: shooting choices that minimize it at capture, and the pre-stitch post-processing fixes that do a better job than patching the seams afterward.
How to Remove Dust Spots & Scratches in Lightroom
Dust spots and scratches are unavoidable facts of life if you’re scanning film or prints. You can repair them right from within Lightroom.
ImageMagick: Convert JPG to AVIF and WebP on Mac (Commands, Batch Loop, Quality Settings)
Converting a photography archive to AVIF or WebP for the web is straightforward with ImageMagick — but doing it well means controlling encoding speed, stripping metadata, and handling the edge cases where the converted file ends up larger than the original. Here’s the Mac setup that handles all of it automatically.
Controlling How WordPress Crops Your Photos for Thumbnails
One of the less obvious challenges of running a photography site on WordPress is controlling how your photos get cropped for thumbnails. WordPress defaults to a center crop — fine sometimes, wrong often. This covers the three crop modes available, how to set them, and when a photographer would actually reach for each one.
How to Navigate Terminal to a Folder on Mac
If you’ve followed any of the Terminal-based image processing guides on this site, you’ve seen the instruction “navigate to your image folder first.” This is how you do it. Three methods covered — drag-and-drop from Finder, right-click Services, and the cd command — plus a couple of things that make manual navigation much less painful.
Calculators
Angle of View, Explained: Calculator, Charts, and Why Diagonal Matters
Enter a focal length to see its angle of view across full-frame, APS-C, and Micro Four Thirds sensors, with charts for quick reference and an explanation of why the diagonal measurement is the one lens makers actually quote.
4K Video Storage: How Much Footage Can Your Memory Card Hold?
Wondering if a 128GB card is enough for your next shoot? Here’s my breakdown of 4K video storage requirements across all major card sizes and bitrates so you never run out of space in the field.
Memory Card Speed Converter (X-Rating to MB/s)
Memory card marketing is littered with jargon, but the “x-rating” multiplier is one of the most confusing. Here is a simple tool to convert those outdated speed ratings back into a standard MB/s format so you can accurately compare cards.
How Many Megapixels? A Quick Calculator for Photographers
A simple calculator to convert pixel dimensions into megapixels — handy for photographers working out print sizes, checking how much headroom you’ve got for a heavy crop, sizing files for stock agencies, or staying under Lightroom’s 512-megapixel import ceiling.
How Much Will Be in Focus? A Depth of Field Calculator
A practical depth of field calculator for photographers. Punch in your sensor, focal length, aperture, and subject distance to see your near and far limits, total depth of field, and hyperfocal distance. Useful for landscape work, portraits, macro, and group shots where you need to know exactly where the sharpness falls off.
Mbps to MB/s Converter: Camera Bitrates vs. Memory Card Speeds
The difference between a flawless 4K recording and a locked-up camera often comes down to a single capitalized letter. Here is how to quickly translate your camera’s Mbps video bitrate into MB/s memory card speeds.
The Crop Factor Calculator: Find Your True Focal Length
Mount the same lens on a full-frame and an APS-C body and the framing changes, but does your aperture really change too? Use the calculator below to find your true equivalent focal length and depth of field, and see why exposure stays the same.
The Aspect Ratio Calculator: Perfect Crops for Print & Web
You shoot a perfectly framed 3:2 portrait, but the client orders an 8×10 print. If you don’t calculate the aspect ratio and crop it yourself, the lab’s automated software will do it for you — usually right across your subject’s forehead. Here is how to take control of your output dimensions.
